Which flies are known for their association with horses and deer?

The flies that are primarily associated with horses and deer belong to the family Tabanidae, commonly referred to as horse flies and deer flies. These flies are known for their large size and aggressive behavior, particularly during the warmer months when they seek blood meals from various mammals, including horses and deer. The adults are often seen near these animals, as they are attracted to their movements and body heat. This association not only makes Tabanidae significant in terms of pest control but also highlights their role as vectors for various diseases affecting livestock and wildlife. The other fly families listed, such as Drosophilidae (fruit flies), Asilidae (robber flies), and Muscidae (house flies), do not have the same direct connection to horses and deer, focusing instead on different ecological niches and behaviors.